摘要
细胞死亡是生命过程中不可或缺的一部分，它在维持生物体内环境稳定及疾病发展中扮演重要角色。本论文综述了细胞死亡的三种主要形式：凋亡、坏死以及近年来被发现的铁死亡，旨在阐述它们的分子机制、功能意义及其在疾病中的作用。细胞凋亡是一种程序化的细胞死亡过程，通过外源性和内源性途径精确调控；而细胞坏死曾被视为无序的、病理性细胞死亡，但最新研究揭示了其程序性的一面。相对较新的概念，铁死亡，突出了铁代谢紊乱在引发细胞死亡中的核心作用。文章进一步探讨了这些死亡方式在癌症、神经退行性疾病及心血管疾病中的潜在治疗价值。综合分析各类细胞死亡机制不仅有助于深化我们对细胞命运决策过程的理解，同时也将推动新一代治疗策略的开发，对精准医疗领域产生重要影响。
关键词： 细胞死亡；凋亡；坏死；铁死亡
Abstract
Cell death is an indispensable part of the life process, and it plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the internal environment of organisms and the development of diseases. This thesis reviews the three main forms of cell death: apoptosis, necrosis, and Ferroptosis, which have been discovered in recent years, with the aim of elucidating their molecular mechanisms, functional significance, and their roles in diseases. Apoptosis is a programmed cell death process that is precisely regulated through exogenous and endogenous pathways, whereas necrosis, once regarded as a disordered, pathological cell death, has been revealed to have a programmed aspect by recent studies. A relatively new concept, Ferroptosis, highlights the central role of disturbed iron metabolism in triggering cell death. The article further explores the potential therapeutic value of these modes of death in cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular diseases. The comprehensive analysis of various cell death mechanisms will not only help to deepen our understanding of the cell fate decision-making process, but will also promote the development of next-generation therapeutic strategies, which will have a significant impact on the field of precision medicine.
Key words： Cell death; apoptosis; necrosis; Ferroptosis
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